Written by Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
What is Chronic Kidney Disease?
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys do not work as well as they should. It is common in older adults and people with conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. CKD increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.
Symptoms & Red Flags
Many people with CKD do not notice symptoms until the later stages. Possible symptoms include:
- Tiredness and low energy
- Swollen ankles, feet, or hands
- Shortness of breath
- Blood in urine or foamy urine
- Nausea or loss of appetite
Screening & Diagnosis (UK)
CKD is usually diagnosed through:
- Blood test: checks kidney function (eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate).
- Urine test: checks for protein, blood, or other abnormalities.
- Blood pressure check: high blood pressure is both a cause and effect of CKD.
- Imaging or scans: sometimes used to look at kidney structure.
Treatment & Self-Management
Treatment depends on the stage of CKD and underlying causes. The main goals are to slow progression and reduce risks of complications.
- Medicines: to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes.
- Lifestyle: balanced diet, reduced salt intake, stopping smoking, regular exercise.
- Monitoring: regular blood and urine tests with your GP or kidney specialist.
- Advanced CKD: dialysis or kidney transplant may be needed in severe cases.
Lesser-Known Evidence-Backed Options
- Vaccinations: Flu and pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for people with CKD.
- Dietitian support: personalised advice on protein, potassium, and phosphate intake.
- Mental health support: anxiety and depression are common in CKD and can be managed with therapy or medication.
FAQs
Can CKD be cured? No, but it can often be slowed with good management.
Do all patients need dialysis? No, many people live with mild to moderate CKD without needing dialysis.
What stage is dangerous? CKD has five stages; stage 5 (kidney failure) usually requires dialysis or transplant.