Written by Prostate Health
What is Prostate Health?
The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder in men, surrounding the urethra. It produces fluid that nourishes and protects sperm. Prostate health refers to the overall function and condition of the prostate, which can be affected by conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and prostate cancer.
Symptoms & Red Flags
- Difficulty starting or stopping urination
- Weak urine stream or dribbling
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Pain or burning during urination
- Blood in urine or semen (red flag)
- Unexplained weight loss or bone pain (red flag for possible cancer spread)
If you notice blood in urine/semen, persistent pain, or unexplained weight loss, seek urgent medical advice.
Screening & Diagnosis (UK)
There is no national prostate cancer screening programme in the UK. Men over 50 can request a PSA test (prostate-specific antigen) after discussion with their GP about risks and benefits. Other diagnostic tools include:
- Digital rectal examination (DRE)
- PSA blood test
- Prostate MRI
- Biopsy (if indicated)
Treatment & Self-Management
Treatment depends on the condition:
- BPH: Lifestyle changes, medications (e.g. tamsulosin), or surgery (TURP).
- Prostatitis: Antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, physiotherapy.
- Prostate cancer: Active surveillance, radiotherapy, surgery, hormone therapy.
Self-management tips:
- Maintain a healthy weight and diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
- Limit alcohol and caffeine.
- Stay physically active.
- Pelvic floor exercises may help with bladder control.
Lesser-Known Evidence-Backed Options
- Lycopene: Found in tomatoes, linked to lower prostate cancer risk in some studies.
- Saw palmetto: Mixed evidence for urinary symptoms in BPH.
- Omega-3 fatty acids: Possible anti-inflammatory role.
- Supervised pelvic floor physiotherapy: Helpful after prostate surgery.
FAQs
Q: Should I get a PSA test if I have no symptoms?
A: Men over 50 can request one, but it is not routinely offered without symptoms. Discuss benefits and risks with your GP.
Q: Does prostate enlargement mean cancer?
A: No. BPH is very common with ageing and is not cancer, but symptoms may overlap.