Written by Menopause & Bone/Heart Health
What is Menopause?
Menopause marks the natural end of menstrual cycles, usually between ages 45–55 in the UK. Oestrogen levels fall, which affects many body systems, including bones and the cardiovascular system.
Bone Health & Osteoporosis
Falling oestrogen increases bone loss, raising the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
- Bone density can fall rapidly in the first 5–7 years after menopause.
- Common fracture sites: spine, hip, wrist.
- Screening: DXA bone scans are available for at-risk women via GP referral.
Heart Health After Menopause
Before menopause, women generally have a lower risk of heart disease than men. After menopause, this protection reduces as oestrogen declines.
- Blood pressure and cholesterol may rise.
- Risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke increases.
- Lifestyle changes can strongly reduce risk.
Screening & Diagnosis (UK)
There is no single menopause test. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and menstrual history. Important checks:
- Bone density (DXA scan if at risk)
- Blood pressure and cholesterol tests
- Diabetes screening if risk factors present
Management & Lifestyle
Bone and heart health after menopause can be supported with evidence-based measures:
- Regular weight-bearing and strength exercise
- Diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, fruits and vegetables
- Not smoking and limiting alcohol
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Discussing HRT (hormone replacement therapy) with your GP for symptom relief and bone/heart protection
FAQs
Does HRT protect my bones?
Yes, HRT helps maintain bone density, especially if started around the time of menopause. The decision depends on personal risks and should be discussed with a GP.
How can I lower my risk of heart disease after menopause?
Stopping smoking, regular exercise, a balanced diet, and regular health checks all help lower risk.
References
- NHS — Menopause
- NHS — Osteoporosis
- British Heart Foundation — Menopause & Heart Health