Written by Parkinson’s Disease: UK Guide
What is Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition where parts of the brain become damaged over time, particularly the substantia nigra. This leads to reduced dopamine, a chemical messenger important for coordinating movement.
Symptoms & Red Flags
Common symptoms include:
- Tremor (shaking, often starting in one hand)
- Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
- Muscle stiffness and rigidity
- Balance problems and frequent falls
Non-motor symptoms can include sleep disturbances, constipation, depression, and memory problems. Seek urgent advice if new severe falls, sudden confusion, or swallowing difficulties occur.
Screening & Diagnosis (UK)
There is no single test. Diagnosis is usually made by a neurologist or a GP with a special interest in movement disorders. They may use:
- Clinical assessment of symptoms and history
- Neurological examination
- Imaging such as a DaTSCAN (to assess dopamine levels)
Referral to a specialist clinic is recommended if Parkinson’s is suspected.
Treatment & Self-Management
Treatment is tailored and may include:
- Medicines – such as levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors.
- Therapies – physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy.
- Lifestyle changes – regular exercise, healthy eating, and staying socially active.
Deep brain stimulation may be considered in selected cases.
Lesser-Known Evidence-Backed Options
- Exercise programmes – dance, tai chi, and cycling have shown improvements in balance and mobility.
- Speech therapy groups – can support clearer speech and communication confidence.
- Dietary approaches – a Mediterranean-style diet may help overall wellbeing.
FAQs
Can Parkinson’s be cured?
No, but treatments can control symptoms and improve quality of life.
Does everyone with Parkinson’s get dementia?
No. While some people develop cognitive decline, many live for years without major memory problems.
References
- NHS: Parkinson’s disease overview
- Parkinson’s UK: Information and support
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Parkinson’s guidelines