Written by Vision & Hearing (Falls & Cognition)
What is Vision & Hearing Loss?
Ageing increases the likelihood of visual impairment (e.g. cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma) and hearing impairment (presbycusis, age-related hearing loss). Both conditions can occur together, compounding risks to mobility and independence.
How Sight & Hearing Affect Falls
Reduced vision affects balance, depth perception, and hazard detection. Hearing loss reduces spatial awareness and can delay reactions. Together, they significantly increase falls risk in older adults.
Impact on Cognition & Memory
Untreated sensory loss is linked to cognitive decline and dementia risk. Extra mental effort to process unclear signals can overload memory and attention. Early use of glasses and hearing aids supports brain health.
Screening & Diagnosis (UK)
- Eye tests: NHS recommends sight tests every 2 years (free from age 60).
- Hearing checks: Available free via GP referral to audiology or through NHS 111 advice.
- Falls assessments: Combined sensory and balance review often done in community falls clinics.
Management & Self-Help
- Glasses & aids: Keep prescriptions up to date; wear hearing aids consistently.
- Home safety: Good lighting, clear walkways, contrasting colours on steps.
- Exercise: Programmes such as Strength, Balance & Mobility improve stability.
- Communication tips: Face the person, reduce background noise, speak clearly.
- Assistive tech: Amplified phones, subtitles, fall detection devices.
FAQs
Can hearing loss make dementia worse?
Yes, research shows untreated hearing loss can accelerate cognitive decline. Using hearing aids helps reduce this risk.
Are cataracts linked to falls?
Yes. Cataracts reduce contrast and depth perception, increasing falls risk. Surgery is effective and widely available on the NHS.
References
- NICE (2018). Falls in older people: assessing risk and prevention.
- Action on Hearing Loss (RNID). Hearing loss and dementia risk.
- College of Optometrists. Routine eye examinations and ageing.