Written by Type 2 Diabetes
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition where the body either does not produce enough insulin or the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin. It leads to high blood sugar levels and can cause serious complications if unmanaged. It is the most common form of diabetes in the UK.
Symptoms & Red Flags
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent tiredness
- Blurred vision
- Slow healing of cuts or wounds
Screening & Diagnosis (UK)
Diagnosis is usually made via blood tests such as:
- HbA1c test – average blood glucose over 2–3 months
- Fasting plasma glucose
- Oral glucose tolerance test
In the UK, people at higher risk (including those with a family history or from Black, Asian, or minority ethnic groups) are offered NHS Health Checks from age 40.
Treatment & Self-Management
Treatment includes lifestyle measures and, if needed, medication:
- Healthy balanced diet (high fibre, low refined sugar)
- Regular physical activity
- Weight management
- Medicines such as metformin or newer glucose-lowering agents
People with type 2 diabetes are also supported with annual reviews, foot checks, and eye screening on the NHS.
Lesser-Known Evidence-Backed Options
- Diabetes remission through weight loss: Research (DiRECT trial) shows significant weight reduction can lead to remission for some people.
- Structured education programmes: NHS offers DESMOND and X-PERT programmes for self-management skills.
- Digital tools: NHS-approved apps support tracking and lifestyle changes.
FAQs
Q: Can type 2 diabetes be cured?
A: There is no cure, but remission is possible, particularly with significant weight loss and sustained lifestyle changes.
Q: How often should I have check-ups?
A: At least once a year, including blood tests, eye screening, and foot checks. Your GP may recommend more frequent reviews.
References
- NHS – Type 2 diabetes
- Diabetes UK
- Lean MEJ et al. (2018). Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT). Lancet.