Medications and Pain Relief: What’s Safe, What’s Not
Author: Primary Health Awareness Trust
Part 2 of the “Living With Less Pain” series.
Understanding Your Options
Pain relief isn’t one-size-fits-all. What works well for one person might not help another — and some medications can pose more risk than relief, especially as we age. Knowing the difference between safe and harmful use is essential for long-term wellbeing.
Paracetamol: A First-Line Option
Paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen) is often a safe starting point. It’s generally well tolerated, but it still needs to be taken at the correct dose — no more than 4 grams (usually 8 tablets) in 24 hours. Long-term overuse can affect the liver.
NSAIDs: Useful but Risky
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, naproxen, or diclofenac reduce inflammation and swelling. However, they can increase the risk of stomach ulcers, kidney strain, and high blood pressure — especially in older adults. If needed, they should be taken with food and under supervision.
Opioids: Last Resort, Not First Option
Opioids such as codeine, morphine, or tramadol can be powerful painkillers — but they come with a high risk of tolerance, constipation, confusion, and dependence. They are not suitable for long-term chronic pain unless prescribed as part of a specialist plan.
Topical and Local Options
- Capsaicin Cream: Derived from chilli peppers, it blocks pain signals in conditions like osteoarthritis or nerve pain.
- Lidocaine Patches: Used for localised nerve pain (post-shingles, diabetic neuropathy).
- Anti-inflammatory gels: Good for targeted relief without systemic effects.
Natural Alternatives (Use With Caution)
Some older adults try turmeric, ginger, magnesium, CBD oil or omega-3 for pain. While these can help some people, they can also interact with medications. Always check with a pharmacist or GP before adding any supplement — “natural” doesn’t always mean safe.
Tracking Your Pain Relief
Keeping a simple log of what you take, when, and how it affects you can make GP reviews easier and more effective. A pain diary that includes medication timing, pain intensity, and side effects is invaluable.
Speak to Your Pharmacist
Pharmacists are often the most accessible source of medication guidance. They can advise on timing, safe combinations, and alternatives — especially for those taking multiple prescriptions.
“List all the medications and supplements you currently take. Now ask an AI assistant to cross-check for possible interactions and help create a weekly medication tracker.”
Why it works: Staying organised reduces accidental doubling-up or timing errors and supports safer, more confident care.
Coming up next: Exercise as Pain Relief: Movement Without Damage →