Preventing Hypos and Highs
By the Primary Health Awareness Trust
If you’re living with Type 2 diabetes, one of the most important things to learn is how to avoid sudden drops (hypos) or spikes (highs) in your blood sugar. These swings can affect your energy, safety, and emotional wellbeing — especially as you get older. But with the right tools and daily habits, you can reduce your risk and feel more in control.
What Is a Hypo?
A hypo (short for hypoglycaemia) is when your blood sugar drops too low — usually below 4 mmol/L. It can happen quickly, especially if you take insulin or certain tablets (like gliclazide).
Signs of a hypo include:
- Shaking or trembling
- Sudden sweating
- Feeling faint, anxious, or confused
- Blurred vision or fast heartbeat
- Irritability or weakness
Act fast: Eat or drink something sugary right away — like fruit juice, glucose tablets, or a small sweet (not chocolate).
What Is a Hyper?
A hyper (hyperglycaemia) is when your blood sugar rises too high — usually above 12–14 mmol/L. This often happens slowly, and may be linked to illness, stress, certain foods, or missed medication.
Signs of a high blood sugar level:
- Very thirsty or dry mouth
- Going to the toilet more often
- Feeling tired or drowsy
- Headaches or blurred vision
If this happens often, speak to your GP or nurse. You may need to adjust your medication or routine.
Smart Habits That Help Prevent Both
- 🕒 Eat regularly (don’t skip meals)
- 🛌 Sleep well — poor sleep can affect blood sugar
- 🚶♂️ Move after meals to help lower sugar naturally
- 🥣 Avoid sugary drinks or processed snacks
- 💊 Take your meds as prescribed — and on time
Stay Prepared
Keep a “hypo kit” with you just in case. Include:
- Small fruit juice carton
- Glucose tablets or jelly babies
- Written instructions (for carers or friends)
Also, wear a medical alert bracelet if you’re at higher risk, especially if you live alone.
📦 Surprise Prompt: Build a Hypo Kit & Take a Photo
Can you put together a small bag with 3 emergency hypo items? Label them and take a photo to share with family or friends.
This practical task builds memory and digital confidence — a core strategy in our Cognitive Resilience Hub. Small acts like this can make a big difference in safety and independence.
When to Call for Help
- Call 111 if your sugar remains very high for several hours and you feel unwell
- If you lose consciousness from a hypo, someone must call 999 immediately
- If unsure what to do — call your GP surgery or diabetes nurse
You’re never wasting time. Diabetes emergencies deserve attention — and quick action saves lives.
Final Thought
Hypos and highs can feel frightening — but they are manageable. By learning your body’s signals, preparing ahead, and keeping a steady daily rhythm, you can stay safe and in control. And remember: you’re not doing this alone.
Explore our full Living Well with Diabetes Hub for trusted support — from eating tips and Zoom fitness classes to digital safety tools and emotional care.